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国家外汇管理局统计数据显示，截至2025年10月末，我国外汇储备规模为33433亿美元，较9月末上升47亿美元，升幅为0.14%。 2025年10月，受主要经济体货币政策及预期、宏观经济数据等因素影响，美元指数上涨，全球金融资产价格总体上涨。汇率折算和资产价格变化等因素综合作用，当月外汇储备规模上升。我国经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好的支撑条件和基本趋势没有变，有利于外汇储备规模保持基本稳定。 2025-11-07/safe/2025/1107/26792.html
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2025年三季度，我国经常账户顺差13948亿元，其中，货物贸易顺差19213亿元，服务贸易逆差3520亿元，初次收入逆差2324亿元，二次收入顺差579亿元。资本和金融账户（含当季净误差与遗漏）逆差13948亿元，其中来华直接投资保持净流入。 2025年前三季度，我国经常账户顺差35074亿元，其中，货物贸易顺差52015亿元，服务贸易逆差11166亿元，初次收入逆差6844亿元，二次收入顺差1069亿元。资本和金融账户中（含三季度净误差与遗漏）逆差33885亿元。 按美元计值，2025年三季度，我国经常账户顺差1956亿美元，其中，货物贸易顺差2695亿美元，服务贸易逆差494亿美元，初次收入逆差326亿美元，二次收入顺差81亿美元。资本和金融账户（含当季净误差与遗漏）逆差1956亿美元。 按美元计值，2025年前三季度，我国经常账户顺差4898亿美元，其中，货物贸易顺差7262亿美元，服务贸易逆差1558亿美元，初次收入逆差955亿美元，二次收入顺差149亿美元。资本和金融账户（含三季度净误差与遗漏）逆差4733亿美元。 按SDR计值，2025年三季度，我国经常账户顺差1429亿SDR，其中，货物贸易顺差1969亿SDR，服务贸易逆差361亿SDR，初次收入逆差238亿SDR，二次收入顺差59亿SDR。资本和金融账户（含当季净误差与遗漏）逆差1429亿SDR。 按SDR计值，2025年前三季度，我国经常账户顺差3639亿SDR，其中，货物贸易顺差5394亿SDR，服务贸易逆差1161亿SDR，初次收入逆差705亿SDR，二次收入顺差110亿SDR。资本和金融账户（含三季度净误差与遗漏）逆差3506亿SDR。（完） 2025年三季度中国国际收支平衡表（初步数） 项 目 行次 亿元 亿美元 亿SDR 1. 经常账户 1 13948 1956 1429 贷方 2 82444 11565 8449 借方 3 -68496 -9609 -7020 1.A 货物和服务 4 15693 2201 1608 贷方 5 74819 10496 7668 借方 6 -59126 -8295 -6060 1.A.a 货物 7 19213 2695 1969 贷方 8 66934 9390 6860 借方 9 -47721 -6695 -4891 1.A.b 服务 10 -3520 -494 -361 贷方 11 7885 1106 808 借方 12 -11405 -1600 -1169 1.A.b.1 加工服务 13 200 28 20 贷方 14 254 36 26 借方 15 -55 -8 -6 1.A.b.2 维护和维修服务 16 124 17 13 贷方 17 277 39 28 借方 18 -153 -21 -16 1.A.b.3 运输 19 -930 -131 -95 贷方 20 2259 317 231 借方 21 -3189 -447 -327 1.A.b.4 旅行 22 -3589 -503 -368 贷方 23 989 139 101 借方 24 -4578 -642 -469 1.A.b.5 建设 25 156 22 16 贷方 26 343 48 35 借方 27 -187 -26 -19 1.A.b.6 保险和养老金服务 28 -206 -29 -21 贷方 29 43 6 4 借方 30 -249 -35 -26 1.A.b.7 金融服务 31 -4 -1 0 贷方 32 61 9 6 借方 33 -65 -9 -7 1.A.b.8 知识产权使用费 34 -558 -78 -57 贷方 35 328 46 34 借方 36 -886 -124 -91 1.A.b.9 电信、计算机和信息服务 37 542 76 56 贷方 38 1265 177 130 借方 39 -723 -101 -74 1.A.b.10 其他商业服务 40 855 120 88 贷方 41 2008 282 206 借方 42 -1154 -162 -118 1.A.b.11 个人、文化和娱乐服务 43 -65 -9 -7 贷方 44 32 4 3 借方 45 -97 -14 -10 1.A.b.12 别处未提及的政府服务 46 -43 -6 -4 贷方 47 26 4 3 借方 48 -69 -10 -7 1.B 初次收入 49 -2324 -326 -238 贷方 50 6625 929 679 借方 51 -8949 -1256 -917 1.C 二次收入 52 579 81 59 贷方 53 1000 140 103 借方 54 -421 -59 -43 2. 资本和金融账户(含当季净误差与遗漏) 55 -13948 -1956 -1429 2.1 资本账户 56 7 1 1 贷方 57 9 1 1 借方 58 -2 0 0 2.2 金融账户(含当季净误差与遗漏) 59 -13955 -1957 -1430 2.2.1 非储备性质的金融账户(含当季净误差与遗漏) 60 -14795 -2075 -1516 其中：2.2.1.1 直接投资 61 -2242 -314 -230 2.2.1.1.1直接投资资产 62 -2842 -399 -291 2.2.1.1.1.1 股权 63 -2867 -402 -294 2.2.1.1.1.2 关联企业债务 64 25 3 2 2.2.1.1.2直接投资负债 65 600 85 62 2.2.1.1.2.1 股权 66 991 140 102 2.2.1.1.2.2 关联企业债务 67 -390 -55 -40 2.2.2 储备资产 68 839 118 86 2.2.2.1 货币黄金 69 0 0 0 2.2.2.2 特别提款权 70 -13 -2 -1 2.2.2.3 在国际货币基金组织的储备头寸 71 4 1 0 2.2.2.4 外汇储备 72 848 119 87 2.2.2.5 其他储备 73 0 0 0 3. 净误差与遗漏 74 / / / 注：1.根据《国际收支和国际投资头寸手册》（第六版）编制。 2.“贷方”按正值列示，“借方”按负值列示，差额等于“贷方”加上“借方”。本表除标注“贷方”和“借方”的项目外，其他项目均指差额。 3.季度人民币计值的国际收支平衡表的折算方法为，当季以美元计值的国际收支平衡表，通过当季人民币对美元平均汇率中间价折算。季度SDR计值的国际收支平衡表数据，由当季以美元计值的国际收支平衡表，通过当季SDR对美元平均汇率折算得到。 4.资本和金融账户因含净误差与遗漏，与经常账户差额金额相等，符号相反。 5.初步统计，2025年三季度，我国直接投资负债中资本金新增209亿美元（折约1490亿元人民币）。 6.本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 2025年前三季度中国国际收支平衡表（初步数） 项 目 行次 亿元 亿美元 亿SDR 1. 经常账户 1 35074 4898 3639 贷方 2 231370 32296 23983 借方 3 -196296 -27399 -20345 1.A 货物和服务 4 40849 5704 4234 贷方 5 211241 29486 21900 借方 6 -170391 -23782 -17666 1.A.a 货物 7 52015 7262 5394 贷方 8 188893 26366 19582 借方 9 -136878 -19105 -14188 1.A.b 服务 10 -11166 -1558 -1161 贷方 11 22347 3119 2318 借方 12 -33513 -4677 -3478 1.A.b.1 加工服务 13 561 78 58 贷方 14 689 96 71 借方 15 -128 -18 -13 1.A.b.2 维护和维修服务 16 315 44 33 贷方 17 738 103 76 借方 18 -422 -59 -44 1.A.b.3 运输 19 -2641 -369 -274 贷方 20 6443 899 668 借方 21 -9085 -1268 -942 1.A.b.4 旅行 22 -10908 -1522 -1135 贷方 23 2738 382 284 借方 24 -13646 -1905 -1418 1.A.b.5 建设 25 370 52 38 贷方 26 882 123 91 借方 27 -512 -71 -53 1.A.b.6 保险和养老金服务 28 -756 -106 -78 贷方 29 155 22 16 借方 30 -911 -127 -95 1.A.b.7 金融服务 31 11 2 1 贷方 32 222 31 23 借方 33 -211 -29 -22 1.A.b.8 知识产权使用费 34 -1872 -261 -194 贷方 35 673 94 70 借方 36 -2545 -355 -264 1.A.b.9 电信、计算机和信息服务 37 1452 203 150 贷方 38 3700 516 384 借方 39 -2247 -314 -233 1.A.b.10 其他商业服务 40 2537 354 264 贷方 41 5916 826 614 借方 42 -3378 -472 -350 1.A.b.11 个人、文化和娱乐服务 43 -151 -21 -16 贷方 44 113 16 12 借方 45 -264 -37 -27 1.A.b.12 别处未提及的政府服务 46 -83 -12 -9 贷方 47 79 11 8 借方 48 -162 -23 -17 1.B 初次收入 49 -6844 -955 -705 贷方 50 17794 2484 1842 借方 51 -24639 -3440 -2547 1.C 二次收入 52 1069 149 110 贷方 53 2335 326 242 借方 54 -1266 -177 -131 2. 资本和金融账户(含三季度净误差与遗漏) 55 -33885 -4733 -3506 2.1 资本账户 56 -3 0 0 贷方 57 12 2 1 借方 58 -15 -2 -2 2.2 金融账户(含三季度净误差与遗漏) 59 -33881 -4732 -3505 2.2.1 非储备性质的金融账户(含三季度净误差与遗漏) 60 -37642 -5257 -3900 其中：2.2.1.1 直接投资 61 -5589 -780 -583 2.2.1.1.1直接投资资产 62 -8479 -1184 -882 2.2.1.1.1.1 股权 63 -7192 -1004 -746 2.2.1.1.1.2 关联企业债务 64 -1287 -179 -137 2.2.1.1.2直接投资负债 65 2889 404 299 2.2.1.1.2.1 股权 66 3812 532 396 2.2.1.1.2.2 关联企业债务 67 -922 -129 -97 2.2.2 储备资产 68 3761 524 395 2.2.2.1 货币黄金 69 0 0 0 2.2.2.2 特别提款权 70 -246 -34 -26 2.2.2.3 在国际货币基金组织的储备头寸 71 -106 -15 -11 2.2.2.4 外汇储备 72 4113 573 431 2.2.2.5 其他储备 73 0 0 0 3. 净误差与遗漏 74 -1189 -165 -133 注：1.根据《国际收支和国际投资头寸手册》（第六版）编制。 2.“贷方”按正值列示，“借方”按负值列示，差额等于“贷方”加上“借方”。本表除标注“贷方”和“借方”的项目外，其他项目均指差额。 3.季度人民币计值的国际收支平衡表的折算方法为，当季以美元计值的国际收支平衡表，通过当季人民币对美元平均汇率中间价折算。季度SDR计值的国际收支平衡表数据，由当季以美元计值的国际收支平衡表，通过当季SDR对美元平均汇率折算得到。 4.2025年前三季度初步数为一、二季度平衡表正式数与三季度平衡表初步数累加得到。其中，2025年三季度初步数的资本和金融账户因含净误差与遗漏，与经常账户差额金额相等，符号相反。三季度初步数的金融账户、非储备性质的金融账户同样含净误差与遗漏。2025年一、二季度正式数的资本和金融账户、金融账户和非储备性质的金融账户均不含净误差与遗漏，净误差与遗漏项目单独列示。 5.初步统计，2025年前三季度，我国直接投资负债中资本金新增601亿美元（折约4304亿元人民币）。 6.本表计数采用四舍五入原则。 2025-11-07/safe/2025/1107/26795.html
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In the third quarter of 2025, China's current account registered a surplus of RMB 1394.8 billion, including a surplus of RMB 1921.3 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of RMB 352.0 billion under trade in services, a deficit of RMB 232.4 billion under primary income and a surplus of RMB 57.9 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts (including net errors and omissions for the quarter) recorded a deficit of RMB 1394.8 billion. Inward foreign direct investments (FDI) continued the net inflow. In the first three quarters of 2025, China's current account registered a surplus of RMB 3507.4 billion, including a surplus of RMB 5201.5 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of RMB 1116.6 billion under trade in services, a deficit of RMB 684.4 billion under primary income, and a surplus of RMB 106.9 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts (including net errors and omissions for the third quarter) recorded a deficit of RMB 3388.5 billion. In the US dollar terms, in the third quarter of 2025, China's current account registered a surplus of USD 195.6 billion, including a surplus of USD 269.5 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of USD 49.4 billion under trade in services, a deficit of USD 32.6 billion under primary income and a surplus of USD 8.1 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts (including net errors and omissions for the quarter) recorded a deficit of USD 195.6 billion. In the US dollar terms, in the first three quarters of 2025, China's current account recorded a surplus of USD 489.8 billion, including a surplus of USD 726.2 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of USD 155.8 billion under trade in services, a deficit of USD 95.5 billion under primary income, and a surplus of USD 14.9 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts (including net errors and omissions for the third quarter) recorded a deficit of USD 473.3 billion. In SDR terms, in the third quarter of 2025, China's current account registered a surplus of SDR 142.9 billion, including a surplus of SDR 196.9 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of SDR 36.1 billion under trade in services, a deficit of SDR 23.8 billion under primary income and a surplus of SDR 5.9 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts (including net errors and omissions for the quarter) recorded a deficit of SDR 142.9 billion. In SDR terms, in the first three quarters of 2025, China posted a surplus of SDR 363.9 billion under the current account, including a surplus of SDR 539.4 billion under trade in goods, a deficit of SDR 116.1 billion under trade in services, a deficit of SDR 70.5 billion under primary income and a surplus of SDR 11.0 billion under secondary income. The capital and financial accounts (including net errors and omissions for the third quarter) recorded a deficit of SDR 350.6 billion.(End) China's Balance of Payments, Q3 2025 (Preliminary Data) Item Line No. RMB 100 million USD 100 million SDR 100 million 1. Current account 1 13948 1956 1429 Credit 2 82444 11565 8449 Debit 3 -68496 -9609 -7020 1. A Goods and Services 4 15693 2201 1608 Credit 5 74819 10496 7668 Debit 6 -59126 -8295 -6060 1.A.a Goods 7 19213 2695 1969 Credit 8 66934 9390 6860 Debit 9 -47721 -6695 -4891 1.A.b Services 10 -3520 -494 -361 Credit 11 7885 1106 808 Debit 12 -11405 -1600 -1169 1.A.b.1 Processing services 13 200 28 20 Credit 14 254 36 26 Debit 15 -55 -8 -6 1.A.b.2 Maintenance and Repair Services 16 124 17 13 Credit 17 277 39 28 Debit 18 -153 -21 -16 1.A.b.3 Transport 19 -930 -131 -95 Credit 20 2259 317 231 Debit 21 -3189 -447 -327 1.A.b.4 Travel 22 -3589 -503 -368 Credit 23 989 139 101 Debit 24 -4578 -642 -469 1.A.b.5 Construction 25 156 22 16 Credit 26 343 48 35 Debit 27 -187 -26 -19 1.A.b.6 Insurance and Pension Services 28 -206 -29 -21 Credit 29 43 6 4 Debit 30 -249 -35 -26 1.A.b.7 Financial Services 31 -4 -1 0 Credit 32 61 9 6 Debit 33 -65 -9 -7 1.A.b.8 Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property 34 -558 -78 -57 Credit 35 328 46 34 Debit 36 -886 -124 -91 1.A.b.9 Telecommunications, Computer, and Information Services 37 542 76 56 Credit 38 1265 177 130 Debit 39 -723 -101 -74 1.A.b.10 Other Business Services 40 855 120 88 Credit 41 2008 282 206 Debit 42 -1154 -162 -118 1.A.b.11 Personal, Cultural, and Recreational Services 43 -65 -9 -7 Credit 44 32 4 3 Debit 45 -97 -14 -10 1.A.b.12 Government Goods and Services n.i.e 46 -43 -6 -4 Credit 47 26 4 3 Debit 48 -69 -10 -7 1.B Primary Income 49 -2324 -326 -238 Credit 50 6625 929 679 Debit 51 -8949 -1256 -917 1.C Secondary Income 52 579 81 59 Credit 53 1000 140 103 Debit 54 -421 -59 -43 2. Capital and Financial Accounts (Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 55 -13948 -1956 -1429 2.1 Capital Account 56 7 1 1 Credit 57 9 1 1 Debit 58 -2 0 0 2.2. Financial Account (Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 59 -13955 -1957 -1430 2.2.1 Financial Account (Excluding Reserve Assets, But Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Quarter) 60 -14795 -2075 -1516 Including: 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 61 -2242 -314 -230 2.2.1.1.1 Assets 62 -2842 -399 -291 2.2.1.1.1.1 Equity and investment fund shares 63 -2867 -402 -294 2.2.1.1.1.2 Debt instruments 64 25 3 2 2.2.1.1.2 Liabilities 65 600 85 62 2.2.1.1.2.1 Equity and investment fund shares 66 991 140 102 2.2.1.1.2.2 Debt instruments 67 -390 -55 -40 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 68 839 118 86 2.2.2.1 Monetary gold 69 0 0 0 2.2.2.2 Special drawing rights 70 -13 -2 -1 2.2.2.3 Reserve position in the IMF 71 4 1 0 2.2.2.4 Foreign exchange reserves 72 848 119 87 2.2.2.5 Other reserves 73 0 0 0 3. Net Errors and Omissions 74 / / / Note:1. The table is compiled according to BPM6. 2."Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" as negative value, and the balance is the sum of the "Credit" and the "Debit". All items herein refer to balances, unless marked with "Credit" or "Debit". 3.The RMB denominated BOP statement is converted from the USD denominated BOP statement for the quarter using the period average central parity rate of RMB against USD. The SDR denominated quarterly BOP statement is converted from the USD denominated BOP statement for the quarter using the period average exchange rate of SDR against USD. 4.Since net errors and omissions are included, the amount of the capital and financial accounts is the opposite number of the difference in the current account. 5.According to preliminary statistics, in the third quarter of 2025, the equity other than reinvestment of earnings under direct investment liabilities (credit) was USD 20.9 billion (RMB 149.0 billion). 6.This table employs rounded-off numbers. China's Balance of Payments, First Three Quarters of 2025 (Preliminary Data) Item Line No. RMB 100 million USD 100 million SDR 100 million 1. Current account 1 35074 4898 3639 Credit 2 231370 32296 23983 Debit 3 -196296 -27399 -20345 1. A Goods and Services 4 40849 5704 4234 Credit 5 211241 29486 21900 Debit 6 -170391 -23782 -17666 1.A.a Goods 7 52015 7262 5394 Credit 8 188893 26366 19582 Debit 9 -136878 -19105 -14188 1.A.b Services 10 -11166 -1558 -1161 Credit 11 22347 3119 2318 Debit 12 -33513 -4677 -3478 1.A.b.1 Processing services 13 561 78 58 Credit 14 689 96 71 Debit 15 -128 -18 -13 1.A.b.2 Maintenance and Repair Services 16 315 44 33 Credit 17 738 103 76 Debit 18 -422 -59 -44 1.A.b.3 Transport 19 -2641 -369 -274 Credit 20 6443 899 668 Debit 21 -9085 -1268 -942 1.A.b.4 Travel 22 -10908 -1522 -1135 Credit 23 2738 382 284 Debit 24 -13646 -1905 -1418 1.A.b.5 Construction 25 370 52 38 Credit 26 882 123 91 Debit 27 -512 -71 -53 1.A.b.6 Insurance and Pension Services 28 -756 -106 -78 Credit 29 155 22 16 Debit 30 -911 -127 -95 1.A.b.7 Financial Services 31 11 2 1 Credit 32 222 31 23 Debit 33 -211 -29 -22 1.A.b.8 Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property 34 -1872 -261 -194 Credit 35 673 94 70 Debit 36 -2545 -355 -264 1.A.b.9 Telecommunications, Computer, and Information Services 37 1452 203 150 Credit 38 3700 516 384 Debit 39 -2247 -314 -233 1.A.b.10 Other Business Services 40 2537 354 264 Credit 41 5916 826 614 Debit 42 -3378 -472 -350 1.A.b.11 Personal, Cultural, and Recreational Services 43 -151 -21 -16 Credit 44 113 16 12 Debit 45 -264 -37 -27 1.A.b.12 Government Goods and Services n.i.e 46 -83 -12 -9 Credit 47 79 11 8 Debit 48 -162 -23 -17 1.B Primary Income 49 -6844 -955 -705 Credit 50 17794 2484 1842 Debit 51 -24639 -3440 -2547 1.C Secondary Income 52 1069 149 110 Credit 53 2335 326 242 Debit 54 -1266 -177 -131 2. Capital and Financial Accounts (Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Third Quarter) 55 -33885 -4733 -3506 2.1 Capital Account 56 -3 0 0 Credit 57 12 2 1 Debit 58 -15 -2 -2 2.2. Financial Account (Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Third Quarter) 59 -33881 -4732 -3505 2.2.1 Financial Account (Excluding Reserve Assets, But Including Net Errors and Omissions for the Third Quarter) 60 -37642 -5257 -3900 Including: 2.2.1.1 Direct Investment 61 -5589 -780 -583 2.2.1.1.1 Assets 62 -8479 -1184 -882 2.2.1.1.1.1 Equity and investment fund shares 63 -7192 -1004 -746 2.2.1.1.1.2 Debt instruments 64 -1287 -179 -137 2.2.1.1.2 Liabilities 65 2889 404 299 2.2.1.1.2.1 Equity and investment fund shares 66 3812 532 396 2.2.1.1.2.2 Debt instruments 67 -922 -129 -97 2.2.2 Reserve Assets 68 3761 524 395 2.2.2.1 Monetary gold 69 0 0 0 2.2.2.2 Special drawing rights 70 -246 -34 -26 2.2.2.3 Reserve position in the IMF 71 -106 -15 -11 2.2.2.4 Foreign exchange reserves 72 4113 573 431 2.2.2.5 Other reserves 73 0 0 0 3. Net Errors and Omissions 74 -1189 -165 -133 Note:1. The table is compiled according to BPM6. 2."Credit" is presented as positive value while "debit" as negative value, and the balance is the sum of the "Credit" and the "Debit". All items herein refer to balances, unless marked with "Credit" or "Debit". 3.The RMB denominated BOP statement is converted from the USD denominated BOP statement for the quarter using the period average central parity rate of RMB against USD. The SDR denominated quarterly BOP statement is converted from the USD denominated BOP statement for the quarter using the period average exchange rate of SDR against USD. 4.The preliminary amount for the first three quarters of 2025 is the sum of the official amounts of the BOP for 2025Q1, 2025Q2 and the preliminary amount for 2025Q3. 5.According to preliminary statistics, in the first three quarters of 2025, the equity other than reinvestment of earnings under direct investment liabilities (credit) was USD 60.1 billion (RMB 430.4 billion). 6.This table employs rounded-off numbers. 2025-11-07/en/2025/1107/2358.html
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甘肃省分局办公地址:甘肃省兰州市城关区东岗西路700号 办公时间：周一至周五，8:30—12:00，14:30-17:50（节假日除外） 邮政编码:730000 联系方式： 科室 房间号 联系电话 国际收支综合科 905室 0931-8800740 外汇检查科 909室 0931-8800598 国际收支统计科 915室 0931-8800778 内控检查科 920室 0931-8800583 科技科 918室 0931-8800704 外汇管理综合科 826室 0931-8800737 经常项目科 820室 0931-8800708 资本项目科 804室 0931-8800722 国家外汇管理局甘肃省分局辖属分支机构联系方式 金融消费权益保护咨询投诉电话：12363 2017-09-15/gansu/2017/0915/263.html
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企业对外支付在境外发生的会议费用需要办理税务备案吗？ 答：不需要。按照《国家税务总局 国家外汇管理局关于服务贸易等项目对外支付税务备案有关问题的公告》（ 国家税务总局 国家外汇管理局公告2013年第40号）第三条规定，“境内机构和个人对外支付下列外汇资金，无需办理和提交《备案表》：（一）境内机构在境外发生的差旅、会议、商品展销等各项费用。” 2025-11-07/tianjin/2025/1107/2922.html
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已提取但未使用完的经常项下外币现钞，可以结汇吗？ 答：可以。按照《国家外汇管理局关于印发〈经常项目外汇业务指引（2020年版）〉的通知》（汇发〔2020〕14号）第八十二条规定，按规定已提取但未使用完的经常项下外币现钞，可以结汇或存入原提取外币现钞所使用的外汇账户。 2025-11-06/tianjin/2025/1106/2921.html
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尊敬的何立峰副总理、尹力书记、殷勇市长，尊敬的各位来宾： 大家好！ 刚才，何副总理作了重要讲话，对于我们深入学习贯彻党的二十届四中全会精神，准确把握形势任务，扎实做好“十五五”时期宏观调控和金融发展开放稳定的各项任务，都具有重要的指导意义。我们将认真贯彻落实。 非常感谢北京市委、市政府特别是尹书记、殷市长和社会各界一直以来对人民银行工作的关心和支持。 首先，我就近期市场比较关注的几个问题作个简要说明。 第一，关于适度宽松的货币政策。一年多来，面对复杂严峻的国内外形势，我们按照中央决策部署，在何副总理的具体指导下，坚持支持性的货币政策立场，综合运用数量、价格、结构等多种货币政策工具，保持流动性充裕。反映金融运行的主要宏观金融指标也体现了适度宽松的货币政策状态，9月末，社会融资规模同比增长8.7%，M2同比增长8.4%，贷款同比增长6.6%，还原地方债务置换影响后的贷款增长7.7%左右，社会融资成本也处于历史低位，为我国经济的回升向好和金融市场稳定运行创造了良好的货币金融环境。 我们将继续坚持支持性的货币政策立场，实施好适度宽松的货币政策，综合运用多种货币政策工具，提供短期、中期、长期流动性安排，保持社会融资条件相对宽松。同时，继续完善货币政策框架，强化货币政策的执行和传导。 第二，关于央行在公开市场买卖国债。去年，人民银行落实中央金融工作会议部署，在二级市场开始国债买卖操作。这是丰富货币政策工具箱、增强国债金融功能、发挥国债收益率曲线定价基准作用、增进货币政策与财政政策相互协同的重要举措，也有利于我国债券市场改革发展和金融机构提升做市定价能力。实践中，人民银行根据基础货币投放需要，兼顾债券市场供求和收益率曲线形态变化等情况，灵活开展国债买卖双向操作，保障货币政策顺畅传导和金融市场平稳运行。今年初，考虑到债券市场供求不平衡压力较大、市场风险有所累积，我们暂停了国债买卖。目前，债市整体运行良好，我们将恢复公开市场国债买卖操作。 第三，关于数字人民币和市场化虚拟货币。数字人民币是人民银行发行和监管的法定数字货币，兼容了分布式账本等新兴技术。历经近年来的稳妥推进，数字人民币生态体系初步建立。下一步，人民银行将进一步优化数字人民币管理体系，研究优化数字人民币在货币层次之中的定位，支持更多商业银行成为数字人民币业务运营机构。我们已经在上海设立数字人民币国际运营中心，负责数字人民币跨境合作和使用；在北京设立数字人民币运营管理中心，负责数字人民币系统的建设、运行和维护，促进数字人民币发展，助力首都国家金融管理中心建设。 近年来，市场机构发行的虚拟货币特别是稳定币不断涌现，但整体还处在发展早期。国际金融组织和中央银行等金融管理部门对稳定币的发展普遍持审慎态度。10天前，在华盛顿召开的IMF/世界银行年会上，稳定币及其可能产生的金融风险成为各国财长、央行行长讨论最多的话题之一，比较普遍的观点主要集中在，稳定币作为一种金融活动，现阶段无法有效满足客户身份识别、反洗钱等方面的基本要求，放大了全球金融监管的漏洞，如洗钱、违规跨境转移资金、恐怖融资等，市场炒作投机的氛围浓厚，增加了全球金融系统的脆弱性，并对一些欠发达经济体的货币主权产生冲击。 2017年以来，人民银行会同相关部门先后发布了多项防范和处置境内虚拟货币交易炒作风险的政策文件，目前这些政策文件仍然有效。下一步，人民银行将会同执法部门继续打击境内虚拟货币的经营和炒作，维护经济金融秩序，同时密切跟踪、动态评估境外稳定币的发展。 第四，研究实施支持个人修复信用的政策措施。人民银行运营的征信系统是一项重要的金融基础设施，对企业和个人的金融违约行为进行记录，并供金融机构在开展业务时进行查询和风险评估，20多年来，对我国社会信用体系建设、防范金融风险发挥了重要作用。根据《征信业管理条例》，在征信系统中，违约记录的存续期为5年。过去几年，受新冠疫情等不可抗力影响，一些个人发生了债务逾期，虽然事后全额偿还，但相关信用记录仍持续影响其经济生活。为帮助个人加快修复信用记录，同时发挥违约信用记录的约束效力，人民银行正在研究实施一次性的个人信用救济政策，对于疫情以来违约在一定金额以下且已归还贷款的个人违约信息，将在征信系统中不予展示。这项措施我们将在履行相关的程序后，由人民银行会同金融机构进行必要的技术准备，计划在明年初执行。 我今天的演讲主题是：中国宏观审慎管理体系的建设实践与未来演进。 党的十九大提出，健全货币政策和宏观审慎政策双支柱调控框架。近年来，我们有序推进，取得重要进展。刚刚召开的党的二十届四中全会进一步提出，构建科学稳健的货币政策体系和覆盖全面的宏观审慎管理体系。在去年6月份的陆家嘴论坛上，我对中国未来货币政策框架的演进作了比较系统的介绍。今天，我想和大家报告一下构建宏观审慎管理体系的一些考虑。 一、宏观审慎管理的内在逻辑和中国实践 2008年国际金融危机发生之后，国际社会对危机的成因和教训进行深刻反思，认识到单体金融机构稳健并不代表金融系统的整体稳健，需要弥补微观审慎监管的不足，加强宏观审慎政策应对，防范金融风险的顺周期积累以及跨机构、跨市场、跨部门和跨境传染，并将加强宏观审慎管理作为国际金融监管改革的核心内容。 在G20框架内，国际组织和主要经济体围绕建立健全宏观审慎管理政策框架、改革完善金融监管制度、加强系统性金融风险监测评估等作出了持续努力。中央银行作为宏观调控和金融管理部门，也是金融体系的最后贷款人，在各国宏观审慎管理体系中普遍承担了重要职责。 经过多年实践，全球初步形成了操作性较强的宏观审慎管理体系。2020年新冠疫情期间，除了采取支持性的货币政策外，主要经济体普遍运用降低逆周期资本缓冲、流动性监管要求等宏观审慎政策措施应对重大冲击，疫情后又推动宏观审慎政策立场重回中性，展现出良好的灵活性，增强了全球金融体系的韧性和稳健性，提高了逆周期调节的空间和能力。 货币政策、宏观审慎管理、微观审慎监管各有侧重。货币政策主要针对宏观经济和总需求管理，通过逆周期调节来平抑经济周期波动，为经济稳定增长和金融市场稳定运行营造适宜的货币金融环境。微观审慎监管主要关注单体金融机构的稳健运行，运用多种监管手段，促进金融机构审慎稳健经营。宏观审慎管理则直接和集中作用于金融体系本身，聚焦具有系统性特征的风险，维护金融体系整体稳定，阻断或弱化金融体系的顺周期自我强化和风险跨机构、跨市场传染。从跨时间维度看，主要通过对资本水平、杠杆率等提出动态的逆周期要求，抑制金融体系的顺周期性。从跨空间维度看，主要通过加强系统重要性金融机构监管和金融市场宏观审慎管理，防控风险跨机构、跨市场、跨部门和跨境传染。三者在工具形式上有一些交叉，相互补充。比如，资本充足率要求是微观审慎监管工具，但附加资本监管则是宏观审慎管理工具；拨备覆盖水平按照会计原则和预期损失原则，是微观审慎监管工具，利用拨备在经济和银行盈利的上行或下行周期进行逆周期调节，就是宏观审慎管理工具。 中国对宏观审慎管理的探索实践起步较早。早在2003年，中国就在房地产金融领域首次引入最低首付比例政策。2008年国际金融危机后，中国在全球率先启动构建宏观审慎政策框架，逐步形成了具有中国特色的宏观审慎管理实践路径。 在宏观审慎管理的治理机制方面，加强党中央的集中统一领导，充实人民银行宏观审慎管理职能。跨部门层面，2013年，国务院批准人民银行牵头建立金融监管协调部际联席会议制度；2017年，成立国务院金融委；2023年，成立中央金融委,逐步强化统筹协调。部门层面，2017年全国金融工作会议和2019年初中央批定的机构改革方案，明确了人民银行负责宏观审慎管理的职责，牵头建立宏观审慎政策框架，设立宏观审慎管理局。 在宏观审慎管理政策体系方面，人民银行从多个维度进行了探索推进。一是2021年发布《宏观审慎政策指引》，明确了宏观审慎管理思路和政策框架。二是2003年建立差别存款准备金制度，2010年引入动态调整机制，在此基础上，2016年又升级为宏观审慎评估（MPA），将信贷投放与金融机构资本水平及经济增长相联系，有效促进了货币信贷平稳增长。三是建立健全系统重要性金融机构监管总体框架。会同金融监管部门发布了《关于完善系统重要性金融机构监管的指导意见》、《系统重要性银行评估办法》、《系统重要性银行附加监管规定》、《全球系统重要性银行总损失吸收能力管理办法》、《系统重要性保险公司评估办法》，落实系统重要性银行附加监管和恢复处置计划等要求。目前，中国共有5家全球系统重要性银行，20家国内系统重要性商业银行，资产合计约占银行业总资产的7成。四是设立跨境融资宏观审慎调节参数等工具，对跨境资本流动实施逆周期调节。五是探索开展金融市场宏观审慎管理。动态观察、评估债券市场运行情况，加强金融机构风险提示，阻断或弱化风险的积累。会同证监会设立支持资本市场的两项货币政策工具。坚持市场在汇率形成中的决定性作用，保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，防范大幅波动风险。六是完善房地产金融宏观审慎管理。动态调整房贷首付比、房贷利率等政策工具。七是搭建金融控股公司监管框架，依法开展金融控股公司准入和监管。目前这项工作已划入金融监管总局。八是加强市场预期管理。当金融市场发生较大幅度的波动时，主动发声，及时校正市场“羊群效应”，坚定维护股市、债市、汇市等金融市场稳定。 二、中国宏观审慎管理体系的演进方向 比较来看，货币政策是中央银行传统职责，制度框架比较清晰成熟；宏观审慎管理全球虽然也有不少实践，但起步不久，仍处于不断探索和完善的过程中。“十五五”规划建议稿提出，要构建覆盖全面的宏观审慎管理体系。我们考虑，主要有以下几个重点工作方向。 第一，更好覆盖宏观经济运行和金融风险的关联性。宏观经济的高质量发展，是金融市场稳定运行和微观单体金融机构健康经营的基础。需要密切监测评估宏观经济运行态势，在宏观层面把握好经济增长、经济结构调整和金融风险防范的动态平衡，坚持推动经济高质量发展，从源头上防范化解系统性金融风险。 第二，更好覆盖金融市场的运行。随着金融现代化进程的推进，我国金融体系逐步从传统银行业机构为主向多层次现代金融市场体系演化，金融体系的复杂性、关联性也显著增加。需要根据金融市场的发展变化，不断拓宽宏观审慎管理的覆盖范围，增强金融体系的韧性。 第三，更好覆盖系统重要性金融机构。系统重要性金融机构规模大、关联性强，一旦出险，具有很强的外溢效应。近年来，主要经济体普遍加强对系统重要性金融机构的宏观审慎管理，并将覆盖面从银行部门逐步扩展到非银行金融部门。需要全面评估认定系统重要性银行、保险等金融机构和金融基础设施，在常规监管基础上，实施与其系统重要性程度相匹配的附加监管措施。 第四，更好覆盖国际经济和金融市场风险的外溢影响。全球金融市场关联性增强，信息传播迅速，金融风险更容易在跨境之间传染蔓延。这次国际货币基金组织/世界银行年会，大家比较关注主要经济体政府债务风险及其可能对全球金融市场的冲击，并加强了早期风险预警。我们需要把握好内部均衡和外部均衡的关系，动态评估、有效应对主要经济体货币政策、贸易政策、主权债务风险和地缘政治等对我国金融市场运行的影响。 三、加快构建覆盖全面的宏观审慎管理体系 宏观审慎管理体系是在防范系统性金融风险中发挥积极作用的一整套制度安排。下一阶段，人民银行将重点推进四方面工作。 一是强化系统性金融风险的监测和评估体系。监测方面，持续提升国家金融基础数据库对重点领域风险的动态监测功能；充分发挥银行间市场交易报告库作用，高频汇集并监测金融市场交易行为。评估方面，2016年人民银行设立的宏观审慎评估（MPA），目前更多服务于货币政策。我们正研究将MPA拆分为两部分。一部分聚焦评估货币政策的执行情况；另一部分聚焦宏观审慎和金融稳定评估，服务于宏观审慎管理。目前，已经形成初步方案，后续我们将与金融机构沟通，进一步完善后执行。 二是完善并强化重点机构和重点领域风险防范举措。强化系统重要性银行附加监管，充分发挥逆周期资本缓冲、恢复与处置计划等作用。适时发布系统重要性保险公司名单，推动附加监管工作落地。拓展中央银行维护金融市场稳定的宏观审慎管理功能。重点关注金融机构的杠杆水平和期限错配，及时阻断金融市场流动性风险、利率风险的累积，遏制金融市场的“羊群效应”。完善金融市场基础设施监管，建立中央对手方流动性风险约束和流动性支持机制。持续完善跨境资本流动宏观审慎管理，根据形势及时采取逆周期调控措施，保持跨境资本流动总体平稳。做好房地产金融宏观审慎管理工作，健全房地产金融分析框架，优化房地产金融基础性制度。 三是持续丰富宏观审慎管理工具箱，提升系统化、规范化、实战化水平。经过多年实践，人民银行已积累形成了较为丰富的宏观审慎和金融稳定工具体系。针对金融机构，有系统重要性银行附加资本和附加杠杆率要求、央行金融机构评级、压力测试、杠杆率约束、逆周期资本缓冲、逆周期拨备调节、总损失吸收能力、系统重要性金融机构恢复与处置计划、存款保险风险差别费率等工具。针对金融市场，外汇市场有远期售汇业务风险准备金、跨境融资宏观审慎调节参数等工具。债券市场有杠杆水平、期限错配管理和窗口指导等工具。股票市场有支持资本市场稳定发展的两项货币政策工具，支持汇金公司发挥“类平准基金”作用。我们正在考虑的一个问题是，综合平衡维护金融市场稳定运行和防范金融市场道德风险，探索在特定情景下向非银机构提供流动性的机制性安排。针对房地产金融领域，主要有首付比、利率、房地产贷款风险权重、居民债务收入比等工具。针对风险处置资源，有存款保险基金、金融稳定保障基金等，人民银行依法履行最后贷款人职责。我们将继续拓展丰富宏观审慎管理的工具箱，动态评估优化。 四是不断健全协同高效的宏观审慎管理治理机制。宏观审慎管理尤其需要统筹协调。今年初，人民银行设立了宏观审慎和金融稳定委员会，对涉及宏观审慎管理和金融稳定重大事项加强分析研究、沟通协调和推动落实。下一步，人民银行将在中央领导下，加强货币政策、宏观审慎管理、微观审慎监管以及与财政政策、产业政策等协同配合，形成合力。严肃财经纪律、市场纪律和监管规则，防范风险外溢和道德风险。加快推动人民银行法、金融稳定法等立法修法，强化宏观审慎管理的法治保障。 构建宏观审慎管理体系是一个持续推进的动态过程，也是需要各方推动、高效协同的系统工程。人民银行将认真落实“十五五”规划的要求，与各方共同努力，加快构建覆盖全面的宏观审慎管理体系，推动经济金融高质量发展。 最后，预祝本届论坛圆满成功，谢谢大家！ 2025-11-07/shaanxi/2025/1107/2235.html
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Distinguished Vice Premier He Lifeng, Party Secretary Yin Li, Mayor Yin Yong, and dear guests, Good afternoon! It's a great pleasure to join you at the Financial Street Forum. Just now, Vice Premier He Lifeng delivered an important speech, making arrangements for the financial system to implement the guidelines of the fourth plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee. We will ensure its effective implementation. The fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee has defined the guiding principles and main objectives for China's economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. It has drawn a grand blueprint for the next five years, calling for greater high-standard opening-up to foster a new stage of win-win cooperation. The session emphasized that opening-up should serve as a driving force for reform and development, enabling China to share opportunities and pursue common progress with the rest of the world. To implement the guidelines of the session, I would like to share some thoughts on global economic and trade resilience and China's contribution from the perspective of advancing high-standard opening-up. In recent years, despite multiple challenges such as the pandemic, geopolitical frictions, and the resurgence of unilateralism and protectionism, global economic and trade activities have demonstrated remarkable resilience. According to World Bank data, total global trade grew at an average annual rate of 5.4 percent between 2019 and 2024, 4.6 percentage points higher than that in the previous five years. Since the beginning of this year, global trade has continued to expand at a relatively fast pace despite a complex and volatile environment. According to the latest forecast by the United Nations, global trade will exceed USD33 trillion this year, reaching a new record high. Behind this resilience lie two key driving forces—technological innovation and open cooperation. On the one hand, the new round of sci-tech revolution and industrial transformation has been further advanced, injecting fresh momentum into global economy and trade. Artificial intelligence is developing explosively, semiconductor trade is expanding rapidly, and the annual trade volume of integrated circuits has surpassed the USD1 trillion mark. Global green trade is rising swiftly. The annual trade volume of new energy products has grown from tens of billions of US dollars a decade ago to hundreds of billions in the past three years, marking an order-of-magnitude increase. The digital economy is flourishing, giving rise to new forms of trade such as cross-border e-commerce and fueling the rapid expansion of trade in services. In 2024, global exports of digital services doubled from a decade ago. On the other hand, opening-up and win-win cooperation serve as the endogenous driving forces behind the steady growth of global economic and trade activities. Practice has repeatedly proven that division of labor, cooperation and mutual benefit among nations are not only the sources of development, but also the foundation for risk resilience and an inherent feature of market economies. Although globalization has faced headwinds in recent years, multi-level economic and trade cooperation among countries and regions has become even closer. The entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership（RCEP）, the full completion of negotiations on the Version 3.0 China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA), and the official launch of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) are among the new milestones that continue to emerge, helping to uphold a diverse and stable international economic landscape and trading system. As the world's second-largest economy and the largest trader in goods, China has shared its development opportunities with the rest of the world and made important contributions to enhancing the resilience of global trade and upholding global economic and trade rules. First, China has played an important role in maintaining the stability of global industrial and supply chains. With the most comprehensive range of industrial sectors and the most complete supporting system in the world, China has offered strong support to the smooth functioning of the global economic cycle by providing high-quality manufactured goods and reliable supplies as well as by strengthening international cooperation along industrial and supply chains. Second, China has actively shared the opportunities presented by its super large market. By steadfastly deepening reform and expanding opening-up, China has provided not only stability on the supply side, but also vast demand on the consumption side. Over the past five years, China’s annual imports of goods and services have averaged USD3 trillion, making the country one of the world’s most important consumer markets. Third, China has continued to cultivate new growth drivers for international cooperation in emerging sectors. By accelerating the development of new quality productive forces and advancing industrial transformation, China has been deepening international cooperation in areas such as the digital economy, artificial intelligence, and new energy. In 2024, the value added of China's core digital economy industries accounted for about 10 percent of GDP, while imports and exports of digitally deliverable services exceeded USD400 billion, underscoring China’s vital role in supporting global digital trade. Fourth, China has actively participated in global governance and promoted multilateral cooperation. China has put forward the Global Governance Initiative, firmly upheld the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core, and advocated inclusive economic globalization. Through high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, China has provided strong support for developing countries to better integrate into global value chains and the international trading system. At the same time, China has advanced deep-seated reforms and high-level opening-up in the foreign exchange sector, facilitated cross-border trade, investment and financing, and deepened the development of the foreign exchange market. These efforts have created favorable conditions for various market entities to efficiently allocate foreign exchange resources, manage exchange rate risks, and better participate in global economic and trade cooperation. In 2024, the trading volume in China's foreign exchange market increased by 37 percent compared with 2020, while the scale of external receipts and payments rose by 64 percent over 2020. In the first three quarters of this year, China’s external receipts and payments totaled USD11.6 trillion, reaching a record high for the same period. High-standard opening-up has become a strong driving force for China’s economic development. Ladies and gentlemen, General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly pointed out that economic globalization is an irreversible historical trend. The more challenging the times, the more we should stay true to our original aspiration for peaceful coexistence and strengthen our confidence in win–win cooperation. We will fully implement the arrangements made at the fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, coordinate development and security, continue to deepen reform and opening-up in the foreign exchange sector, and defend the bottom line whereby no systemic risks will occur. Our goal is to build a sound foreign exchange management system featuring "greater convenience, expanded opening-up, enhanced security, and upgraded intelligence". First, we will improve the foreign exchange policy system that rewards greater integrity with greater convenience. We will enhance the quality and coverage of banks' foreign exchange operations reforms as well as reforms regarding trade and investment facilitation. The number of enterprises now able to handle transactions directly based on instructions has increased more than fivefold compared with the end of 2020. Focusing on trade facilitation, we will soon introduce nine new policy measures, which mainly aim to expand the scope of high-level opening-up pilot programs for cross-border trade and the range of netting settlement transactions, optimize foreign exchange fund settlement for entities in new forms of trade, and ease management of reimbursable expenses in trade in services—all designed to further promote innovation and high-quality development in trade. Second, we will promote high-standard institutional opening-up in the foreign exchange sector. We will strengthen the overall planning of reforms, promote RMB internationalization and the high-quality opening-up of the capital account in a coordinated manner, and deepen the reform of foreign exchange management in key areas such as direct investment, cross-border financing, and securities investment. In September, we introduced a package of policy measures on cross-border investment and financing. In the near future, we will also roll out policies on integrated RMB and foreign currency cash pooling for multinational companies and on the management of funds raised from overseas listings by domestic enterprises. Meanwhile, we will implement integrated reform and innovation in foreign exchange management within pilot free trade zones to help open up new horizons for China’s self-initiated opening-up. Third, we will enhance our capacity for foreign exchange regulation and risk management in an open economy. We will strengthen the integrated regulation of the foreign exchange market from the perspectives of macro prudential management and micro regulation, leverage artificial intelligence, big data, and other digital tools to empower smart regulation, and reinforce monitoring and early warning of cross-border capital flows. We will also improve our effectiveness in combating illegal and irregular activities, effectively guard against external shocks, and provide greater stability and certainty to support open cooperation and strengthen the resilience of global economic and trade activities. Ladies and gentlemen, As the capital of China, Beijing serves as the nation’s center for politics, culture, international exchanges, and sci-tech innovation. Over the past three years, Beijing’s total goods trade has consistently exceeded RMB3.6 trillion, while its trade in services has grown at an average annual rate of nearly 10 percent. The State Administration of Foreign Exchange will continue to support Beijing in taking the lead in piloting more pioneering foreign exchange policies, further enhancing the quality and effectiveness of policies such as pilot programs of high-level opening-up of cross-border trade and investment, as well as the Research Funding Facilitation Policy. We will intensify our support for the development of Beijing as "Four Centers" and "Two Zones", and help the city play an even more important role in promoting stable and sustainable global economic and trade development. Last but not least, I'd like to wish this year's Financial Street Forum a complete success. Thank you! 2025-10-27/en/2025/1027/2360.html
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Distinguished Vice Premier He Lifeng, Party Secretary Yin Li, Mayor Yin Yong, and dear guests, Good afternoon! It's a great pleasure to join you at the Financial Street Forum. Just now, Vice Premier He Lifeng delivered an important speech, making arrangements for the financial system to implement the guidelines of the fourth plenary session of the 20th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee. We will ensure its effective implementation. The fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee has defined the guiding principles and main objectives for China's economic and social development during the 15th Five-Year Plan period. It has drawn a grand blueprint for the next five years, calling for greater high-standard opening-up to foster a new stage of win-win cooperation. The session emphasized that opening-up should serve as a driving force for reform and development, enabling China to share opportunities and pursue common progress with the rest of the world. To implement the guidelines of the session, I would like to share some thoughts on global economic and trade resilience and China's contribution from the perspective of advancing high-standard opening-up. In recent years, despite multiple challenges such as the pandemic, geopolitical frictions, and the resurgence of unilateralism and protectionism, global economic and trade activities have demonstrated remarkable resilience. According to World Bank data, total global trade grew at an average annual rate of 5.4 percent between 2019 and 2024, 4.6 percentage points higher than that in the previous five years. Since the beginning of this year, global trade has continued to expand at a relatively fast pace despite a complex and volatile environment. According to the latest forecast by the United Nations, global trade will exceed USD33 trillion this year, reaching a new record high. Behind this resilience lie two key driving forces—technological innovation and open cooperation. On the one hand, the new round of sci-tech revolution and industrial transformation has been further advanced, injecting fresh momentum into global economy and trade. Artificial intelligence is developing explosively, semiconductor trade is expanding rapidly, and the annual trade volume of integrated circuits has surpassed the USD1 trillion mark. Global green trade is rising swiftly. The annual trade volume of new energy products has grown from tens of billions of US dollars a decade ago to hundreds of billions in the past three years, marking an order-of-magnitude increase. The digital economy is flourishing, giving rise to new forms of trade such as cross-border e-commerce and fueling the rapid expansion of trade in services. In 2024, global exports of digital services doubled from a decade ago. On the other hand, opening-up and win-win cooperation serve as the endogenous driving forces behind the steady growth of global economic and trade activities. Practice has repeatedly proven that division of labor, cooperation and mutual benefit among nations are not only the sources of development, but also the foundation for risk resilience and an inherent feature of market economies. Although globalization has faced headwinds in recent years, multi-level economic and trade cooperation among countries and regions has become even closer. The entry into force of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership（RCEP）, the full completion of negotiations on the Version 3.0 China-ASEAN Free Trade Area (CAFTA), and the official launch of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) are among the new milestones that continue to emerge, helping to uphold a diverse and stable international economic landscape and trading system. As the world's second-largest economy and the largest trader in goods, China has shared its development opportunities with the rest of the world and made important contributions to enhancing the resilience of global trade and upholding global economic and trade rules. First, China has played an important role in maintaining the stability of global industrial and supply chains. With the most comprehensive range of industrial sectors and the most complete supporting system in the world, China has offered strong support to the smooth functioning of the global economic cycle by providing high-quality manufactured goods and reliable supplies as well as by strengthening international cooperation along industrial and supply chains. Second, China has actively shared the opportunities presented by its super large market. By steadfastly deepening reform and expanding opening-up, China has provided not only stability on the supply side, but also vast demand on the consumption side. Over the past five years, China’s annual imports of goods and services have averaged USD3 trillion, making the country one of the world’s most important consumer markets. Third, China has continued to cultivate new growth drivers for international cooperation in emerging sectors. By accelerating the development of new quality productive forces and advancing industrial transformation, China has been deepening international cooperation in areas such as the digital economy, artificial intelligence, and new energy. In 2024, the value added of China's core digital economy industries accounted for about 10 percent of GDP, while imports and exports of digitally deliverable services exceeded USD400 billion, underscoring China’s vital role in supporting global digital trade. Fourth, China has actively participated in global governance and promoted multilateral cooperation. China has put forward the Global Governance Initiative, firmly upheld the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core, and advocated inclusive economic globalization. Through high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, China has provided strong support for developing countries to better integrate into global value chains and the international trading system. At the same time, China has advanced deep-seated reforms and high-level opening-up in the foreign exchange sector, facilitated cross-border trade, investment and financing, and deepened the development of the foreign exchange market. These efforts have created favorable conditions for various market entities to efficiently allocate foreign exchange resources, manage exchange rate risks, and better participate in global economic and trade cooperation. In 2024, the trading volume in China's foreign exchange market increased by 37 percent compared with 2020, while the scale of external receipts and payments rose by 64 percent over 2020. In the first three quarters of this year, China’s external receipts and payments totaled USD11.6 trillion, reaching a record high for the same period. High-standard opening-up has become a strong driving force for China’s economic development. Ladies and gentlemen, General Secretary Xi Jinping has profoundly pointed out that economic globalization is an irreversible historical trend. The more challenging the times, the more we should stay true to our original aspiration for peaceful coexistence and strengthen our confidence in win–win cooperation. We will fully implement the arrangements made at the fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, coordinate development and security, continue to deepen reform and opening-up in the foreign exchange sector, and defend the bottom line whereby no systemic risks will occur. Our goal is to build a sound foreign exchange management system featuring "greater convenience, expanded opening-up, enhanced security, and upgraded intelligence". First, we will improve the foreign exchange policy system that rewards greater integrity with greater convenience. We will enhance the quality and coverage of banks' foreign exchange operations reforms as well as reforms regarding trade and investment facilitation. The number of enterprises now able to handle transactions directly based on instructions has increased more than fivefold compared with the end of 2020. Focusing on trade facilitation, we will soon introduce nine new policy measures, which mainly aim to expand the scope of high-level opening-up pilot programs for cross-border trade and the range of netting settlement transactions, optimize foreign exchange fund settlement for entities in new forms of trade, and ease management of reimbursable expenses in trade in services—all designed to further promote innovation and high-quality development in trade. Second, we will promote high-standard institutional opening-up in the foreign exchange sector. We will strengthen the overall planning of reforms, promote RMB internationalization and the high-quality opening-up of the capital account in a coordinated manner, and deepen the reform of foreign exchange management in key areas such as direct investment, cross-border financing, and securities investment. In September, we introduced a package of policy measures on cross-border investment and financing. In the near future, we will also roll out policies on integrated RMB and foreign currency cash pooling for multinational companies and on the management of funds raised from overseas listings by domestic enterprises. Meanwhile, we will implement integrated reform and innovation in foreign exchange management within pilot free trade zones to help open up new horizons for China’s self-initiated opening-up. Third, we will enhance our capacity for foreign exchange regulation and risk management in an open economy. We will strengthen the integrated regulation of the foreign exchange market from the perspectives of macro prudential management and micro regulation, leverage artificial intelligence, big data, and other digital tools to empower smart regulation, and reinforce monitoring and early warning of cross-border capital flows. We will also improve our effectiveness in combating illegal and irregular activities, effectively guard against external shocks, and provide greater stability and certainty to support open cooperation and strengthen the resilience of global economic and trade activities. Ladies and gentlemen, As the capital of China, Beijing serves as the nation’s center for politics, culture, international exchanges, and sci-tech innovation. Over the past three years, Beijing’s total goods trade has consistently exceeded RMB3.6 trillion, while its trade in services has grown at an average annual rate of nearly 10 percent. The State Administration of Foreign Exchange will continue to support Beijing in taking the lead in piloting more pioneering foreign exchange policies, further enhancing the quality and effectiveness of policies such as pilot programs of high-level opening-up of cross-border trade and investment, as well as the Research Funding Facilitation Policy. We will intensify our support for the development of Beijing as "Four Centers" and "Two Zones", and help the city play an even more important role in promoting stable and sustainable global economic and trade development. Last but not least, I'd like to wish this year's Financial Street Forum a complete success. Thank you! 2025-10-27/en/2025/1027/2359.html
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尊敬的何立峰副总理、尹力书记，殷勇市长，各位领导，各位来宾： 大家下午好！很高兴参加本届金融街论坛。刚才何立峰副总理发表了重要讲话，对金融系统贯彻党的二十届四中全会精神作出系统部署，我们将认真抓好落实。党的二十届四中全会明确了“十五五”时期经济社会发展的指导方针和主要目标，擘画了未来五年发展的宏伟蓝图，指出要扩大高水平对外开放、开创合作共赢新局面，要以开放促改革促发展，与世界各国共享机遇、共同发展。结合贯彻落实全会精神，我想从扩大高水平对外开放的视角，就全球经贸韧性与中国贡献，与大家谈几点思考。 近年来，面对疫情冲击、地缘摩擦、单边和保护主义抬头等多重挑战，全球经贸活动展现出较强韧性。世界银行数据表明，2019—2024年全球贸易总额年均增长5.4%，较上个五年提高4.6个百分点。今年以来，在错综复杂形势下，全球贸易依然较快增长。根据联合国最新预测，今年全球贸易有望超33万亿美元，创历史新高。这种韧性的背后，是科技驱动和开放合作两大关键力量。 一方面，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入推进，为全球经贸注入新动能。人工智能爆发式发展，半导体贸易快速增长，集成电路年贸易额突破万亿美元大关。全球绿色贸易迅速崛起，新能源年贸易额从十年前的百亿美元扩展到近三年的千亿美元以上，上升了一个量级。数字经济蓬勃发展，催生跨境电商等贸易新业态，带动服务贸易快速增长，2024年全球数字服务出口规模比十年前翻了一番。 另一方面，开放共赢是全球经贸稳健发展的内生动力。实践反复证明，各国分工合作、互利共赢，既是发展之源，更是抗风险之基，也是市场经济的自带基因。近年来全球化遭遇逆流，但各国和区域间多层次经贸合作更加紧密，《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）生效，中国与东盟自贸区3.0版谈判全面完成，非洲大陆自贸区正式实施，这些新成果、新突破不断涌现，有力维护了多元稳定的国际经济格局和经贸关系。 中国作为全球第二大经济体、第一大货物贸易国，与世界各国共享发展机遇，对增强全球经贸韧性、维护全球经贸规则作出了重要贡献。 一是有力维护全球产业链供应链稳定。中国是工业门类最齐全、配套最完整的国家，通过提供优质的中国制造、稳定的中国供给，加强产业链供应链国际合作，为畅通世界经济循环提供了强大支撑。 二是主动分享超大规模市场机遇。中国坚定不移深化改革、扩大开放，不但在供给端提供稳定性，也在消费端提供广阔市场。近五年中国年均货物和服务进口高达3万亿美元，逐步成为全球最重要的消费市场。 三是持续打造新兴领域合作增长点。中国加快发展新质生产力，推进产业转型，不断深化数字经济、人工智能、新能源等领域国际合作。2024年，中国数字经济核心产业增加值占GDP比重达10%左右，可数字化交付的服务进出口超4000亿美元，是全球数字贸易的重要支撑。 四是积极参与全球治理、推动多边合作。中国郑重提出全球治理倡议，坚定维护以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易体制，倡导普惠包容的经济全球化，通过高质量共建“一带一路”，为发展中国家更好参与全球分工、融入全球贸易体系提供了有力支持。 与此同时，我们深入推进外汇领域深层次改革和高水平开放，促进跨境贸易和投融资便利化，深化外汇市场发展，为各类主体有效配置外汇资源和管理汇率风险，更好参与全球经贸合作创造了良好条件。2024年，我国外汇市场交易量较2020年增长37%，涉外收支规模较2020年增长64%。今年前三季度，我国涉外收支规模为11.6万亿美元，创历史同期新高，高水平开放已成为中国经济发展的强劲动力。 女士们，先生们！ 习近平总书记深刻指出，经济全球化是不可阻挡的历史潮流，越是困难时刻，越要秉持和平共处的初心，坚定合作共赢的信心。我们将全面落实党的二十届四中全会部署，统筹发展和安全，持续深化外汇领域改革开放，守住不发生系统性风险底线，着力构建“更加便利、更加开放、更加安全、更加智慧”的外汇管理体制机制。 一是完善“越诚信越便利”的外汇政策体系。推动银行外汇展业改革和贸易投资便利化改革提质扩面，目前凭指令即可办理业务的企业数较2020年末增长5倍以上。聚焦贸易便利化，近期我们将新出台9条政策措施，主要是扩大跨境贸易高水平开放试点范围和轧差结算业务种类，优化贸易新业态主体外汇资金结算，放宽服务贸易代垫业务管理，更大力度推动贸易创新发展。 二是推动外汇领域高水平制度型开放。加强改革整体谋划，统筹推进人民币国际化与资本项目高质量开放，深化直接投资、跨境融资、证券投资等重点领域外汇管理改革。9月份，我们推出了跨境投融资一揽子政策，近期还将发布实施跨国公司本外币一体化资金池、境内企业境外上市资金管理等政策，并在自贸试验区实施集成式外汇管理改革创新，助力拓展自主开放新局面。 三是提高开放条件下外汇监管和风险防控能力。加强外汇市场“宏观审慎+微观监管”两位一体管理，运用人工智能、大数据等赋能智慧监管，强化跨境资金流动监测预警，提升打击违法违规活动效能，有效防范外部风险冲击，为促进开放合作、提升经贸韧性提供更多稳定性和确定性。 女士们，先生们！ 北京作为祖国的首都，是全国政治、文化、国际交往和科技创新中心。近三年来，北京货物贸易总额连续超过3.6万亿元，服务贸易年均增速近10%。国家外汇局将一如既往支持北京先行先试更多首创性外汇政策，推进跨境贸易投资高水平开放试点、“科汇通”等政策提质增效，更好服务北京“四个中心”和“两区”建设，助力北京在全球经贸行稳致远中发挥更重要的作用。 最后，预祝本届论坛圆满成功，谢谢大家！ 2025-11-07/shaanxi/2025/1107/2236.html