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The State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE) has recently released data on foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks as well as cross-border receipts and payments by non-banking sectors in November 2022. SAFE Deputy Administrator and Press Spokesperson Wang Chunying answered media questions on China’s foreign exchange receipts and payments for the month of November 2022. Q: Could you brief us on China’s foreign exchange receipts and payments in November 2022? A: In November, China’s foreign exchange market operated more smoothly, and the foreign exchange supply and demand within the country remained basically balanced. In November, deficit in foreign exchange settlement and sales by banks narrowed by 47% month-on-month. Taking into account other supply and demand factors in the foreign exchange market, China’s foreign exchange supply and demand became more balanced. In terms of major channels, the net inflow of cross-border funds under trade in goods in November was USD 34.3 billion, up by 4% month-on-month. The net capital inflow of foreign direct investment in China increased rapidly on a month-on-month basis, and foreign investment in domestic securities market showed a net increase. It is expected that cross-border capital, such as trade in goods and foreign direct investment, will continue to flow in steadily in the future, which will continue to play a fundamental role in stabilizing the foreign exchange market. Recently, marginal changes are witnessed in the international economic and financial situation as well as the monetary policy expectations of major developed economies. The US dollar has been falling, and the related spillover impact has eased. With better coordinated epidemic prevention and control with economic and social development in China, the Chinese economy will continue to recover given the effects of the policy package to stabilize the economy and the follow-up measures coming into full force, which will further boost market expectations and confidence. In the meantime, the steady structure of China’s balance of payments and the increased resilience of the foreign exchange market will also help maintain the stable operation of the foreign exchange market. 2022-12-15/en/2022/1215/2029.html
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According to the statistics of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), by the end of November 2022, China’s foreign exchange reserves stood at USD 3.1175 trillion, up by USD 65.1 billion, or 2.13%, from the end of October. In November 2022, influenced by the global macroeconomic data, the monetary policy expectations of major economies and other factors, the US dollar index fell and the prices of global financial assets climbed. China’s foreign exchange reserves rose this month due to the combined effects of currency translation and asset price changes. China continues to promote the implementation of a package of policies to stabilize the economy with subsequent measures coming into full force, and with China’s economy showing a recovery and upward trend, which will support the overall stability of the foreign exchange reserves. 2022-12-07/en/2022/1207/2028.html
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SAFE Releases China's External Debt Data atthe end of September 2022 As at the end of September 2022, China recorded RMB 17.618 trillion in outstanding external debt denominated in both domestic and foreign currencies (equivalent to USD 2481.5 billion, excluding those of Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR, and Taiwan Province of China, the same below). In terms of maturity structure, the outstanding medium-and long-term external debt was RMB 7993.8 billion (equivalent to USD 1125.9 billion), accounting for 45percent; while the outstanding short-term external debt was RMB 9624.4 billion (equivalent to USD 1355.6 billion), taking up 55 percent,of which 38 percent was trade-related credit. In terms of institutional sectors, the outstanding debt of general government totaled RMB 3025.6 billion (equivalent to USD 426.1 billion), accounting for 17 percent;the outstanding debt of the central bank totaled RMB555.1 billion(equivalent to USD 78.2 billion), accounting for 3 percent;the outstanding debt of banks totaled RMB 7443.6 billion (equivalent to USD 1048.4 billion), accounting for42 percent;the outstanding debt of other sectors (includinginter-company lending under direct investments) totaled RMB 6593.9 billion (equivalent to USD 928.8 billion), accounting for 38 percent. In terms of debt instruments, the balance of loans was RMB 2773.1 billion (equivalent to USD 390.6 billion), accounting for 16 percent;the outstanding trade credit and prepayment was RMB 2677.3 billion (equivalent to USD 377.1 billion), accounting for 15 percent;the outstanding currency and deposits was RMB 3965.8 billion (equivalent to USD 558.6 billion), accounting for23percent;the outstanding debt securities was RMB 5171 billion (equivalent to USD 728.3 billion), accounting for 29 percent;the Special Drawing Rights (SDR) allocation amounted to RMB 329 billion(equivalent to USD 46.3 billion), accounting for 2 percent; the balance of inter-company lending under direct investments totaled RMB 2178.9 billion(equivalent to USD 306.9 billion), accounting for 12percent;and the balance of other debt liabilities was RMB 523 billion (equivalent to USD 73.7 billion), accounting for 3 percent. With respect to currency structures, the outstanding external debt in domestic currency totaled RMB 7804.3 billion (equivalent to USD 1099.2 billion), accounting for 44 percent;the outstanding external debt in foreign currencies (including SDR allocation) totaled RMB 9813.9 billion (equivalent to USD 1382.3 billion), accounting for 56 percent. In the outstanding registered external debt in foreign currencies, the USD debt accounted for 86 percent, the Euro debt accounted for 6 percent, theHKD debt accounted for 4 percent, the JPY debt accounted for 1 percent, the SDR and other foreign currency-denominated external debt accounted for 3 percent. Since all major external debt indicators were within the internationally recognized thresholds, China’s external debt risk is under control. Appendix Definition of terms and interpretations External debt classification by maturity structure. There are two methods to classify the external debt by maturity structure. One is on the basis of the contractual maturity, i.e. it is classified as medium- and long-term external debt if the contractual maturity is over one year, and classified as short-term external debt if the contractual maturity is one year or less;the other is on the basis of the remaining maturity, i.e., on the basis of the contractual maturity classification method above, the medium- and long-term external debt due within one year is classified as short-term external debt. In this news release, external debt is divided into medium- and long-term external debt and short-term external debt based on the contractual maturity. Trade-relatedcredit is a broad concept. In addition to trade credit and advances, it also involves other kinds of credit provided for trade activities. According to its definition,trade-related credit includes trade credit and advances, bank trade financing, trade related bills, and so forth. In particular, trade credit and advances refer to external liability arising from directly extending credit between the seller and buyer of goods transactions,specifically transactions between residents in the Chinese Mainland and overseas non-residents (including non-residents in Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR,and Taiwan Province of China), i.e., the debt incurred due to the difference between the time of payment and the time of the goods ownership transfer, which include credit directly provided by the supplier (e.g., the overseas exporter)for goods and services, and prepayments made by buyers (e.g., overseas importers) for goods, services, and work that is in progress (or work to be undertaken). Bank trade financing refers to trade related loans that offered by a third party (e.g., banks) to exporters or importers, for instance, loans extended by foreign financial institutions or export credit agencies to buyers. Annexed table：China’s Gross External Debt Position by Sector, End of September 2022 End of September 2022 End of September 2022 （Unit:100 million RMB） （Unit:100 million US dollars） General Government 30256 4261 Short-term 1388 196 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 1388 196 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 28867 4066 Special drawing rights (allocations) 0 0 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 25093 3534 Loans 3774 532 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Central Bank 5551 782 Short-term 2046 288 Currency and deposits 1248 176 Debt securities 798 112 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 0 0 Long-term 3504 494 Special drawing rights (allocations) 3290 463 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 0 0 Loans 0 0 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 214 30 Other Depository Corporations 74436 10484 Short-term 56890 8013 Currency and deposits 38397 5408 Debt securities 3909 551 Loans 14074 1982 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 510 72 Long-term 17546 2471 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 13655 1923 Loans 3811 537 Trade credit and advances 0 0 Other debt liabilities 80 11 Other Sectors 44150 6218 Short-term 30426 4285 Currency and deposits 13 2 Debt securities 146 21 Loans 2226 313 Trade credit and advances 26305 3705 Other debt liabilities 1736 245 Long-term 13724 1933 Currency and deposits 0 0 Debt securities 6721 947 Loans 3846 542 Trade credit and advances 469 66 Other debt liabilities 2688 379 Direct Investment: Intercompany Lending 21789 3069 Debt liabilities of direct investment enterprises to direct investors 12492 1759 Debt liabilities of direct investors to direct investment enterprises 1400 197 Debt liabilities to fellow enterprises 7898 1112 Gross External Debt Position 176182 24815 Notes: 1. The short-term and long-term herein are broken down by contractual (original) maturity. 2. The data in this table have been rounded off. 2022-12-30/en/2022/1230/2031.html
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截至2022年9月末，我国全口径（含本外币）外债余额为176182亿元人民币（等值24815亿美元，不包括中国香港特区、中国澳门特区和中国台湾地区对外负债，下同）。 从期限结构看，中长期外债余额为79938亿元人民币（等值11259亿美元），占45%；短期外债余额为96244亿元人民币（等值13556亿美元），占55%。短期外债余额中，与贸易有关的信贷占38%。 从机构部门看，广义政府外债余额为30256亿元人民币（等值4261亿美元），占17%；中央银行外债余额为5551亿元人民币（等值782亿美元），占3%；银行外债余额为74436亿元人民币（等值10484亿美元），占42%；其他部门（含直接投资：公司间贷款）外债余额为65939亿元人民币（等值9288亿美元），占38%。 从债务工具看，贷款余额为27731亿元人民币（等值3906亿美元），占16%；贸易信贷与预付款余额为26773亿元人民币（等值3771亿美元），占15%；货币与存款余额为39658亿元人民币（等值5586亿美元），占23%；债务证券余额为51710亿元人民币（等值7283亿美元），占29%；特别提款权（SDR）分配为3290亿元人民币（等值463亿美元），占2%；直接投资：公司间贷款债务余额为21789亿元人民币（等值3069亿美元），占12%；其他债务负债余额为5230亿元人民币（等值737亿美元），占3%。 从币种结构看，本币外债余额为78043亿元人民币（等值10992亿美元），占44%；外币外债余额（含SDR分配）为98139亿元人民币（等值13823亿美元），占56%。在外币登记外债余额中，美元债务占86%，欧元债务占6%，港币债务占4%，日元债务占1%，特别提款权和其他外币外债合计占比为3%。 我国外债主要指标均在国际公认的安全线以内，外债风险总体可控。 附 名词解释及相关说明 关于外债期限结构分类。按照期限结构对外债进行分类，有两种分类方法。一是按照签约期限划分，即合同期限在一年以上的外债为中长期外债，合同期限在一年或一年以下的外债为短期外债；二是按照剩余期限划分，即在签约期限划分的基础上，将未来一年内到期的中长期外债纳入到短期外债中。本新闻稿按签约期限划分中长期外债和短期外债。 与贸易有关的信贷是一个较广义的概念，除贸易信贷与预付款外，它还包括为贸易活动提供的其他信贷。从定义上看，与贸易有关的信贷包括贸易信贷与预付款、银行贸易融资、与贸易有关的短期票据等。其中，贸易信贷与预付款是指发生在中国大陆居民与境外（含港、澳、台地区）非居民之间，由货物交易的卖方和买方之间直接提供信贷而产生对外负债，即由于商品的资金支付时间与货物所有权发生转移的时间不同而形成的债务。具体包括供应商（如境外出口商）为商品交易和服务直接提供信贷，以及购买者（如境外进口商）为商品和服务以及进行中（或准备承担）的工作预先付款；银行贸易融资是指第三方（如银行）向出口商或进口商提供的与贸易有关的贷款，如外国金融机构或出口信贷机构向买方提供的贷款。 附表：中国2022年9月末按部门划分的外债总额头寸 2022年9月末 2022年9月末 （亿元人民币） （亿美元） 广义政府 30256 4261 短期 1388 196 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 1388 196 贷款 0 0 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 0 0 长期 28867 4066 SDR分配 0 0 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 25093 3534 贷款 3774 532 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 0 0 中央银行 5551 782 短期 2046 288 货币与存款 1248 176 债务证券 798 112 贷款 0 0 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 0 0 长期 3504 494 SDR分配 3290 463 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 0 0 贷款 0 0 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 214 30 其他接受存款公司 74436 10484 短期 56890 8013 货币与存款 38397 5408 债务证券 3909 551 贷款 14074 1982 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 510 72 长期 17546 2471 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 13655 1923 贷款 3811 537 贸易信贷与预付款 0 0 其他债务负债 80 11 其他部门 44150 6218 短期 30426 4285 货币与存款 13 2 债务证券 146 21 贷款 2226 313 贸易信贷与预付款 26305 3705 其他债务负债 1736 245 长期 13724 1933 货币与存款 0 0 债务证券 6721 947 贷款 3846 542 贸易信贷与预付款 469 66 其他债务负债 2688 379 直接投资：公司间贷款 21789 3069 直接投资企业对直接投资者的债务负债 12492 1759 直接投资者对直接投资企业的债务负债 1400 197 对关联企业的债务负债 7898 1112 外债总额头寸 176182 24815 注：1. 本表按签约期限划分长期、短期外债。 2. 本表统计采用四舍五入法。 2022-12-30/safe/2022/1230/22154.html
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日前，国家外汇管理局公布了2022年9月末外债数据。国家外汇管理局副局长、新闻发言人王春英就相关问题回答了记者提问。 问：请问2022年三季度我国外债情况如何？ 答：2022年三季度我国外债规模总体有所下降，结构保持基本稳定。截至2022年9月末，我国全口径（含本外币）外债余额为24815亿美元，较2022年6月末下降1545亿美元，降幅6%，其中汇率折算因素对外债余额下降的贡献度约为41%。从币种结构看，本币外债占比44%，与2022年6月末基本持平；从期限结构看，中长期外债占比45%，较2022年6月末下降1个百分点。 问：如何看待当前我国外债形势？ 答：我国外债规模下降受国际国内形势多重因素影响。二季度以来，在美联储加息、全球通胀高位运行以及疫情等多重因素影响下，我国外债规模有所下降。其中，汇率折算因素造成外债余额下降630亿美元，贷款、货币与存款、债务证券、贸易信贷与预付款和其他债务负债等外债余额剔除汇率因素影响后合计下降915亿美元。 我国外债规模将保持总体稳定。虽然外部环境动荡不安，给我国经济带来的影响加深，但我国经济韧性强、潜力大、活力足，各项政策效果持续显现，我国外债规模有条件继续保持总量稳定、结构优化。同时，跨境融资政策的持续优化也将更好满足市场主体的融资需求。2022年10月份，外汇局会同人民银行上调跨境融资宏观审慎参数，进一步扩大了境内机构借债空间；11月份，外汇局会同人民银行进一步便利境外机构投资者投资中国债券市场资金管理，增强中国债券市场对境外机构投资者吸引力。下一步，外汇局将继续推进跨境投融资便利化，服务实体经济高质量发展。 2022-12-30/safe/2022/1230/22186.html
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日前，国家外汇管理局公布了2022年三季度及前三季度国际收支平衡表和9月末国际投资头寸表。国家外汇管理局副局长、新闻发言人王春英就相关问题回答了记者提问。 问：2022年前三季度我国国际收支状况如何？ 答：2022年前三季度，我国国际收支保持基本平衡。 一是经常账户顺差继续处于合理均衡区间。前三季度，我国经常账户顺差3107亿美元，为历史同期最高值，与同期国内生产总值（GDP）之比为2.4%，继续处于合理均衡区间。其中，货物贸易保持韧性，国际收支口径货物贸易顺差5215亿美元，同比增长37%，货物贸易顺差、出口及进口规模均创历史同期最高值；服务贸易逆差655亿美元，逆差规模同比收窄23%。 二是跨境双向投资平稳有序。前三季度，外商来华直接投资1619亿美元，高于2019年和2020年同期水平，反映出我国对外资保持较强的吸引力；我国对外直接投资1133亿美元，投资节奏平稳有序。 总体看，我国更好统筹疫情防控和经济社会发展，稳经济一揽子政策措施效果持续显现，当前经济运行保持恢复和回稳态势，有利于国际收支继续保持基本平衡。 问：2022年9月末我国国际投资头寸状况如何？ 答：2022年9月末，我国国际投资头寸状况保持稳健，储备资产规模继续位列全球第一。 一是对外净资产规模增长。9月末，我国对外资产88980亿美元，对外负债65340亿美元；对外净资产（资产减负债）23640亿美元，较2021年末增长19%。 二是对外资产和负债结构保持稳健。9月末，非储备资产占对外资产的64%，占比较2021年有所上升；储备资产3.2万亿美元，规模位列全球首位。对外负债中，来华直接投资稳定性较强且占比超50%，规模为3.4万亿美元。 2022-12-30/safe/2022/1230/22183.html
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